前苏联专利SU1079185A3 Chemical fuel cell

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专利摘要:
Conjugated polymers are doped with dopant ions to a preselected room temperature electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, by means of an electrochemical procedure wherein the polymer is employed as one or both of the electrodes of an electrolytic cell, including as the electrolyte a compound which is ionizable into the dopant ions. Upon electrolysis of the electrolyte, the polymer, if used as the anode, becomes doped with anionic dopant ions to a p-type material; or if used as the cathode, becomes doped with cationic dopant ions to an n-type material. The above-described electrochemical doping procedure finds particularly useful application in the charging of novel secondary batteries in which a doped conjugated polymer is employed as one or both of the electrodes. Such secondary batteries, in their charged state, comprise a metal whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.6, or a conjugated polymer doped with dopant cations of said metal, as the anode-active material; a conjugated polymer doped with dopant anions as the cathode-active material; and a compound which is ionizable into the dopant ions as the electrolyte. In the initial discharged state of such secondary batteries, the polymer is in undoped form, and charging of the battery is effected by electrochemical doping of the polymer with the dopant ions of the electrolyte.
公开号:SU1079185A3
申请号:SU813254450
申请日:1981-03-10
公开日:1984-03-07
发明作者:Мекдайрмид Элен；Хигер Элен；Нигрей Пол
申请人:Юниверсити Патентс Инк. (Фирма)；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

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This invention relates to chemical current sources, in particular, to a chemical current source with organic electrodes.
A chemical source is known that contains an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode from an organic complex of iodine C1.
However, this current source is non-rechargeable,
The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a chemical current source containing electrolyte and electrodes from unsaturated compounds containing at least one nitrogen atom of a tertiary amino group bound to a double bond carbon atom 23 However, a well-known current source does not have rechargeability which adversely affects its service life.
The purpose of the invention is to enable recharging.
The goal is achieved by the fact that in a chemical current source containing an anode and cathode from an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound, as well as an electrolyte, polyacetylene or polyphenylene is taken as an unsaturated compound and the electrolyte contains a modifier selected from the group of compounds ionizable to anions and cations that contain iodide and alkali metal perchlorate and perchlorate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, alkylammonium hexafluorophosphate and alkylammonium hexafluoroarsenate.
Example 1. A polyacetylene film with a size of 1x0.5x0.01 cm and a weight of 2 mg, containing 82% c and the C-isomer, is electrically connected to a lithium foil via an ammeter. In this case, the polyacetylene film is a cathode, and the lithium foil is an anode. The cathode and the anode are immersed in an electrolyte (0.3 M solution of lithium perchlorate in tetrahydrofuran). The resulting electrolytic cell is operated as a battery with an open circuit voltage of 1.5 V and a short circuit current of 0.5 mA. During cell discharge, the polyacetylene film is modified with lithium ions. At the same time modified polyacetylene
sn),
the film has a composition (Li
6,6k
After complete discharge, the cell is connected to a direct current source, the modified polyacetylene film being connected to the positive clamp, and the lithium foil to the negative clamp. After the application of the electric potential, demodification of the modified polyacetylene occurs.
films, causing the batteries to recharge.
Example 2. Repeat with .... measure 1 with the difference that the electrolyte used is 1.0 M solution () (it) in tetrahydrofuran, and to prevent the mixing of ions () with lithium ions formed during cell discharges, glass frit used. The resulting cell is operated as a battery with an open circuit voltage of 1.3 V and a short-circuit current of 0.2 ml. During the process of discharging, the polyacetylene film is modified by ions (V M). In this case, the modified polyacetylene film has a composition (W / N N / 0.01 CH) x,
After complete discharge, the cell is connected to a direct current source, the modified polyacetylene film being connected to the positive clamp, and the lithium foil to the negative clamp. After an electrical potential is applied, demodification of the modified polyacetylene film occurs, with the result that the batteries are recharged.
Example 3. An iodide-modified polyacetylene film in the form of a disk with a diameter of 7.8 mm and a thickness of 50 μm, having the composition (CHlojug}, is saturated with saturated photoBoj) OM lithium iodide in a mixture of isopropanol and water (50:50). The solvent is then removed in vacuo, after which lithium iodide remains in the modified polyacetylene film as a solid electrolyte.
The disc of a polyacetylene film impregnated with lithium iodide thus obtained is used as a cathode for the manufacture of a battery whose lithium is used as an anode. The manufacture of the battery is carried out in a dry atmosphere to prevent the negative effects of moisture on the components of the cell. A disc of a modified polyacetylene film impregnated with lithium iodide, and metallic lithium in the form of a disc with a diameter of 7.8 and a thickness of 1 mm are placed between two platinum foils in the form of a disc with a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 50 μm, serving as a current collector, in a polymethyl methacrylate housing, and then the layers are pressed using a mechanical press. Platinum collectors are supplied {with 0.13 mm thick platinum wires, which serve to connect the battery to the external circuit.
the product is continuously discharged for 20 days. when the resistor is 1050 ohms. In this case, a maximum voltage of 2.1 V and a maximum current of 40 µA are reached within 1 hour. After 20 days. the voltage is C), 6 V, and the current is 0.1 µA, and the battery is recharged by connecting to a DC source (eV / for 6 hours). Then the battery voltage is 2.8 V, and / current - 19 μA.
Example 4. A battery was prepared in an argon atmosphere using a button cell with a flat bottom containing an aluminum capsule and a polytetrafluoroethylene case. At the same time, the lithium metal is fed into an open aluminum capsule in the form of a disk with a diameter of 4 and a thickness of 1 mm, on which another disk with a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 50 μg made of iodide-modified polyacetylene film composition () x is placed. Then, the aluminum capsule is supplied with a polytetrafluoroethylene bubble. The center of which is a platinum wire, which serves as an electrical contact. The cell is mechanically sealed to obtain a semi-hermetic seal. PTFE casing compacted with a thin coating of lubricant. Then, a platinum wire is attached to the bottom of the aluminum capsule and the resulting battery is placed in a box in which a vacuum is created.
The battery is continuously discharged for 8 days. by means of a rheostat of 126,000 ohms. At the same time, immediately after the start of the experiment, the voltage is approximately 2.0 V. After 6 hours, the maximum voltage is observed, approximately 2.6 V, and after 5 days. it decreases to 1.3 V. After 8 days. The battery is recharged in the manner indicated in Example 3.
Example 5. A battery was prepared in an argon atmosphere using a screw bush 12.7 mm long and two stainless steel bolts, the ends of which were polished. The battery components are enclosed in this sleeve. At the same time, one stainless steel bolt is screwed into the screw sleeve and then an unmodified polyacetylene film in the form of a 6 mm diameter disc is placed on the bolt on the bolt, onto which a drop of saturated lithium iodide solution in tetrahydrofuran is placed. Then, a filter paper in the form of a disk with a diameter of 6 mm is placed on a polyacetylene disk, to which a drop of a saturated solution of lithium iodide in tetrahydrofuran is also fed. After that, another disk with a diameter of 6 mm, made from an unmodified polyacetylene film, is placed on a disk of filter paper. After applying a few drops of a saturated solution of lithium iodide to tetrahydrofuran on this .disc, another stainless steel bolt is screwed into the screw bushing and screwed by hand. The resulting cell is placed in a 110 ml glass jar containing
tetrahydrofuran to prevent cell drying.
The cell is connected to a 9 V transistor battery and charged for 6 minutes. Immediately after the charge d0. The short circuit cell voltage is 2.8 V, and the short circuit current is 1.6 mA. After recharging the cell for 1 hour and connecting it to a resistor, the 126,000 ohm current output is 20 µA and the voltage is 2.7 V.
Example 6. Example 5 is repeated with the difference that lithium iodide is used:; in the form of solid electro-Q litas. The cell is charged with a 9 V battery for 4 minutes and connected to a rheostat of 126,000 ohms. In this case, the current is 18 µA, and the voltage is 2.4 V. Then the battery is completely discharged, followed by re-charging for 50 kshn using a 9 V battery. At the same time, the current is 14 µA, and the voltage 2 3 B. Next, tetrahydrofuran is removed from the charged cell during
8 minutes, so that lithium iodide remains as a solid electrolyte in the cell. The current is 0.2 µA, and the voltage is 0.9 V. After. Recharge the cell with solid
5 electrolyte using a battery
9 V for 80 minutes, the voltage is 1.02 V and current is 0.3 µA.
Example 7. Unmodified polyacetylene film in the form
A disk with a diameter of 8 mm and a thickness of 50 μm is saturated with a saturated lithium iodide solution in a mixture of isopropanol and water (.50: 50). The solvent is then removed in vacuo, after which
5, lithium iodide remains as a solid electrolyte.
A thus obtained disc of a polyacetylene film impregnated with lithium iodide is used for
The battery is made in a dry atmosphere, the case of which is made of polymethyl methacrylate. In this case, a disk of a modified polyacetylene film is placed between two platinum foils in the form of a disk 5 mm in diameter and 50 μm thick, serving as a current collector, and then the layers are pressed using a mechanical press. Platinum collectors are provided with 0.13 mm thick platinum wires, which serve to be connected to the external circuit.
To determine the possibility of charging a discharged battery, by electrochemical modification of the opposite surface layers of a polyacetylene film with ions and I, given by a solid electrolyte that is impregnated with the film, the battery is discharged in a discharged state to a 9 V battery and charged within 4 hours. Immediately after charging, the current output was 7.4 µA and the voltage was 0.62 V (when using a 1050 ohm charge resistor). After discharging to 0.3 V, the battery is charged again for 1 hour.
Example 8. The example is repeated with the difference that lithium iodide is used in the form of a solution and a nylon sleeve with an outer diameter of 9.5 and a length of 6.2 mm and two stainless steel bolts, the ends of which are polished, are taken for the battery components. At the same time, one bolt is screwed into a nylon sleeve, and then an unmodified polyacetylene film is placed on the bolt on the bolt, to which one drop of a saturated solution of lithium iodide in tetrahydrofuran is fed. Another bolt is screwed into the nylon sleeve and the resulting battery is placed in a 110 ml glass vessel which contains tetrahydrofuran,
The resulting battery battery is in a discharged state connected to a 9 V battery and charged for 3 s, after which it is connected to a charging resistor 126000 Ohm. The current output is 7 µA and the voltage is 0.9 V.
Example 9. A 3 mg polyacetylene film with a size of 0.5x1.0x0.01 cm, containing 82% of the cis isomer and modified with perchlorate (composition () ;;, is used as the cathode, then ka1 is used as the anode foil 0.5x2x0.1 cm in size and 5 mg in weight. The cathode and the anode are immersed with a B-0.3 M solution of lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate. The open-circuit voltage of the resulting battery is 3.7 V and the short-circuit current is approximately 25 m. Moreover, after discharging for several minutes, the voltage and current are 3.6 V and 4 mA after 30 s, 3.3 B 2 mA after 1 min, 1.3 V and 0.3 mA after 210 s.
The battery is recharged by connecting it to a direct current source. In this case, the polyacetylene film is connected to the positive terminal of the direct current source, and the lithium foil is connected to the negative terminal. Charging is done by applying a 4V potential for 30 minutes.
Example 10. Example 9 is repeated with the difference that the perchlorate-modified polyacetylene film having the composition (CH / C20 / oo5) x is used as the catd, and the lithium-modified polyacetylene film having the composition (Li CH) ( and the electrolyte is 0.3 K lithium perchlorate solution in tetrahydrofuran. The open circuit voltage of the resulting battery is 3.1 V and the short circuit current is 1.9 mA. After discharging to 1.5 V, the battery is charged again It is harvested for 20 minutes.
Example 11. Example 10 is repeated, with the difference that the ion-modified polyacetylene film having the composition (, -CH) is used as the anode and the tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate solution in tetrahydrofuran is used as the electrolyte. Here, the open circuit voltage of the resulting battery is
2.8V, and the short-circuit current of 3.5 mA. After discharging to 1.5 V, the battery is charged again for 20 minutes.
Example 12. Example 11 is repeated with the difference that the perchlorate-modified polyacetylene film having the composition (CI / ClO / p og) as the anode is modified with ions () polyacetylene for | nku having the composition (CH) , and as the electrolyte - 0.5 M,. tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate solution in propylene carbonate. In this case, the open-circuit voltage of the resulting battery is 2.5 V, and the short-circuit current is 16.0 mA. After discharging to 1.5 V, the battery is charged again for 20 minutes.
Example 13. Example 1p is repeated, with the difference that a perchlorate-modified polyacetylene film having the composition (CH / C10 / qt2 t as the electrolyte — 0.5 M solution of tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate in propylene carbonate is used as the anode. In this case, the open-circuit voltage of the resulting battery is 0.5 V, and the short-circuit current is 0.3 mA. After discharging to 0.2 V, the battery is charged again for 20 minutes.
Example 14. Example 12 is repeated, with the difference that modified - is used as the cathode. ion () polyacetylene film having the composition (); The open circuit voltage of the resulting battery is 0.66 V, and the short circuit current is 1.9 mA. After discharging to 0.2 V, the battery is recharged for 20 min Example 15, Examples C and 12 are repeated, with the difference that the hexafluorophosphate-modified polyacetylene film having the composition (CH / pFg / pp) and the ion-modified polyacetylene film having the composition (, CH ), (and, as an electrolyte, a 0.3 M solution of tetra-N-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate in tetrahydrofuran. At the same time, the open circuit voltage of the resulting battery is 2.5 V short-circuit current of 4.1 mA. After discharge to 1.5 V battery is charged again for 20 minutes. Example 16. Manufacturing The battery is in an uncharged state by placing two discs of unmodified polyacetylene film between the two stainless steel current collectors as a cathode and anode, all components being treated with 0.1 M naphtho iodide in solid polyethylene oxide as a solid electrolyte. The resulting battery is charged by connecting it to a direct current source, the cathode of the battery being connected to the positive terminal and the anode to the negative terminal. Charging is done by applying a 4V potential for 30 minutes. At the same time, the polyacetylene cathode is modified with 1J ions to obtain the composition CH / Ij / jjQQ), and the polyacetylene anode is combined with sodium cations to obtain the composition (SC Open-circuit voltage of an electromixed battery is 1.3 V and the short circuit current is 1 mea. The battery is discharged to a voltage of 0.7 V using a 105 ohm rheostat, and then it is recharged for 20 minutes. Example 17. 41 mg of poly (H-phenylene) powder is pressed into an electrode TOLINO 170 μm, which is put on platinum drive as a collector with subsequent application 400 µm polypropylene separator, which is impregnated with 2 M lithium perchlorate solution in polypropylene carbonate, lithium foil is applied to the separator as an anode, and the pack is fed into a sealed container. The cell is charged with a current of 3 µA and modified with chlorate ions Immediately after charging, the open circuit voltage and short circuit current are determined to be 4.5 V and 200 mA, respectively. The cell is discharged to a voltage of 0.3 V with a 450 Ohm resistor, and then recharged by applying a current of 10 mA. Example 18 Example 1 is repeated with the difference that: a) -0, 5 M solution of potassium iodide in water and. l and b) a 0.3 M solution of tri-n-propylammonium hexafluoroarsenate in methylene chloride, or c) a 0.3 M solution of trifluoromethanesulfonate tetra-n-butylammonium in methylene chloride. Here, the open circuit voltage is 1.2; 1.6 and 1.5 V respectively, and the short circuit current is 0.2; 0.6 and 0.5 mA, respectively. The table shows the number of discharge and charge cycles until the degree of reduction of the current output is equal. 10-15% compared to the current output after the first recharge cycle.
Ammonium Iodide lithium Same
15 10 10 10 10
107918510
Note. Electroactive material
Table continuation
the anode and / or cathode is polyacetylene, and in example 17 polyphenylene.

权利要求:
Claims (1)
[1]
CHEMICAL CURRENT SOURCE, containing bipolar electrodes from an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound and an electrolyte, characterized in that, in order to ensure recharge, polyacetylene or polyphenylene is taken as an unsaturated compound and the electrolyte contains a modifier selected from the group of compounds ionizable to anions and cations containing iodide and alkali metal perchlorate and perchlorate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, hexafluorophosphate and alkyl ammonium hexafluoroarsenate.
§ ω

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法律状态:

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

US06/129,439|US4321114A|1980-03-11|1980-03-11|Electrochemical doping of conjugated polymers|

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